Main Catalog Jurisprudence Criminal Law and Criminology

Extreme necessity as a circumstance excluding criminality of the act

Authors: Maslennikova A.I.
Published in issue: #5(82)/2023
DOI: 10.18698/2541-8009-2023-5-895
Category: Jurisprudence \| Chapter: Criminal Law and Criminology
Keywords: extreme necessity, conditions of legality, exceeding limits, compensation for harm, protection, hazard, criminal liability, causing harm
Published: 22.05.2023

The paper reveals the essence of extreme necessity of a legal institution. The main attention is paid to the issues of content, conditions of legality and exceeding the extreme necessity limits, as well as to compensation for harm under this circumstance. Based on the analysis of judicial practice and statistical data provided by the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, it was determined that this institution was not in high demand, also because it was not sufficiently regulated at the legislative level. The topic relevance is due to the fact that such a complex institution did not receive due attention from the legislator and remained unfinished. Therefore, the courts are experiencing certain difficulties in practice. The aspects of extreme necessity that remained unfinished because of the lack of due attention from the legislator to such a complex legal institution, as well as the difficulties experienced by the courts in practice, are highlighted.

References

[1] Amelina K.E., Kovaleva M.A., Tikhanova N.E. Pravovedenie [Jurisprudence]. Moscow, BMSTU Press, 2019, 188 p. (In Russ.).

[2] Ugolovnyy kodeks Rossiyskoy Federatsii ot 13.06.1996 № 63-FZ (red. ot 01.07.2021) [Criminal Code of the Russian Federation no. 63-FZ of June 13, 1996 (as amended on July 1, 2021). Collection of Legislation of the Russian Federation (SZRF), 17.06.1996, no. 25 (1 part), art. 2954. (In Russ.).

[3] Verkhovnyy Sud Rossiyskoy Federatsii [Supreme Court of the Russian Federation]. URL: http://www.supcourt.ru/files/13998/ (accessed February 1, 2022).

[4] Milaeva M.Yu. Ugolovnoe pravo. Obshchaya chast’ [Criminal law. A common part]. Moscow, BMSTU Press, 2021, 64 p. (In Russ.).

[5] Adamenko K.T., Molotkova M.V. Necessary defense as a circumstance precluding the criminality of an act. Politekhnicheskiy molodezhnyy zhurnal, 2021, no. 7 (60). (In Russ.). http://dx.doi.org/10.18698/2541-8009-2021-7-717

[6] Apellyatsionnoe opredelenie Verkhovnogo suda Rossiyskoy Federatsii ot 12 aprelya 2019 goda po delu № 2-12/18 [Appeal ruling of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation dated April 12, 2019 in case no. 2-12/18]. URL: https://clck.ru/auKVK (accessed January 25, 2022).

[7] Tikhanova N.E. Problems of use of weapons in the defense. Proceedings of Voronezh state university. Series: pravo, 2018, no. 1 (32), pp. 186–190. (In Russ.).

[8] Abramov V.M. Extreme necessity as a circumstance excluding the criminality of an act. Vestnik nauchnoy assotsiatsii studentov i aspirantov istoricheskogo fakul’teta Permskogo gosudarstvennogo gumanitarno-pedagogicheskogo universiteta, 2010, no. 1 (14), pp. 111–113. (In Russ.).

[9] Tikhanova N.E. Conditions legitimacy of necessary defense from actions dangerous to life. Izvestiya Tul’skogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Ekonomicheskie i yuridicheskie nauki, 2016, no. 2–2, pp. 199–203. (In Russ.).

[10] Obzor praktiki primeneniya sudami polozheniy glavy 8 Ugolovnogo kodeksa Rossiyskoy Federatsii ob obstoyatel’stvakh, isklyuchayushchikh prestupnost’ deyaniya (utv. Prezidiumom Verkhovnogo Suda RF 22.05.2019) [Review of the practice of application by courts of the provisions of Chapter 8 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation on circumstances excluding the criminality of an act (approved by the Presidium of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation on May 22, 2019)]. URL: http://www.supcourt.ru/documents/thematics/28046/ (accessed January 29, 2022).

[11] Kuznetsova I.M., Tyazhkova N.F. Kurs ugolovnogo prava. V 5 t. T. 1. Obshchaya chast’: Uchenie o prestuplenii [Criminal law course. Vol. 1. General part: The doctrine of crime]. Moscow, Zertsalo Publ., 2002, 624 p. (In Russ.).

[12] Apellyatsionnoe postanovlenie Sverdlovskogo oblastnogo suda ot 15 dekabrya 2017 g. po delu № 22-8028/2017 [Appeal ruling of the Sverdlovsk Regional Court dated December 15, 2017 in case no. 22-8028/2017]. URL: https://clck.ru/avgxS (accessed 02/01/2022).

[13] Grazhdanskiy kodeks Rossiyskoy Federatsii (chast’ vtoraya) ot 26.01.1996 N 14-FZ (red. ot 01.07.2021) [Civil Code of the Russian Federation (Part Two) dated January 26, 1996 no. 14-FZ (as amended on July 1, 2021)]. Collection of legislation of Russian Federation 29.01.1996 no. 5, art. 410. (In Russ.).